Daniqua Polk
Karen Morris
English 1102-HHH
12 April 2011
Annotated Bibliography
Hughes, Donna, Laura Joy, Sporcic, Nadine Mendelsohn, and Vanessa, Chirgwin. The Factbook on Global Sexual Exploitation: Coalition Against Trafficking in Women, 1999. Web. 17 Feb. 2011.
Donna M. Hughes is a leading international researcher on trafficking of women and children. She has completed research on the trafficking of women and girls for sexual exploitation in the United States, Russia, Ukraine, and Korea. She is also a University of Rhode Island professor of women's studies and activist against prostitution and human trafficking and pornography. This report gives the conditions of victims in the 32 billion dollar business of sex trafficking. It gives the past history of how trafficking came into practice and the various agreements that ensued after. An interesting fact was an agreement ratified by twelve countries around the world that stated it was to prevent women and children from immoral purposes aboard. (White Slave Traffic) This report also highlights common trafficking patterns in various countries. Some of these patterns include women falling into trafficking by their parents selling them for small amounts of money, false proposals of marriages and a better life, as well as debt bondage. Statistics on this report show 90% of victims in sex trafficking are women and children and Asian women are sold to North America brothels for 16,000 dollars each. This article was key in my research topic. The author gave in depth information and source backing on trafficking as it related to children and women. Compared to my other sources this article gave major focus to women and children, who make up much of the trafficking industry.
Kanics, Jyothi. "Trafficking in Women,” Foreign Policy in Focus .Washington, DC: Foreign Policy In Focus 1 Oct. 1998. Web. 13 Feb. 2011.
Jyothi Kanics is currently an Advocacy & Policy Specialist at UNICEF. She has been head of anti- trafficking unit for twelve years. She has worked in public policy and international affairs industries. This article highlights key points related to women in trafficking. The main focus of this article is to explain the human rights of these women and children as it relates to foreign policies. In Jyothi Kanics article she explains how economic globalization has increased this epidemic in society today. Key problems addressed are the fault in the U.S policy not documenting cases of human trafficking and properly investigating the victim’s crime to ensure they kidnappers are prosecuted. Kanics gives suggestions on how these problems can be resolved and new foreign policies. This article was another key source in giving me polices related to human rights of both women in children. It outlines how the policies came about, what they entailed, and when they came in effect. Like my other source, it also focused on the rights of women and children.
“Rescue & Restore: Victims of Human Trafficking.” United States. Department of Health & Human Services. Jun. 2004. Web. 28 Feb. 2011.
Department of Health & Human Services is a government agency who services concern problems in civil rights, terrorism, human services and etc. They protect victims who are vulnerable, and fight to punish their abuser’s act of crime that need to be serve justice. In this article, by the department of health and human services, it lays a comparison between human trafficking and migrant smuggling. The comparison shows how in human trafficking it is usually unwilling and the victims are targeted due to their lack of access to social services and protection. Compared to migrant smuggling, the victims are willing or hold no protest. Oftentimes these same victims subject their victims to working in sweatshops, farms, and quarries. Due to this fact this leads trafficking to be the third most profitable illegal business, pulling in revenue of 9.5 billion dollars. This article just laid a comparison between the difference of trafficking and smuggling. It was helpful in giving information on another aspect that is also in the realm of sex and human trafficking. Like some of my other sources, this information was just a basic bulleted comparison.
Skinner, Benjamin. “A World Enslaved,” Foreign Policy. 165:62-68. 2008. Print.
*publisher unknown
Benjamin Skinner is involved in Quaker meeting through his father being a British colonial administrator. He came from abolition stocks where his grandfather served in the campaign for antislavery. Skinner was a part of an evangelic group in the U.N. In this article Benjamin Skinner focus on a contemporary issue. He compares sex trafficking to modern day indenture servitude under the U.S. system of paternalistic relations. Like the bondage most Americans have today with being bonded to their jobs due to debts and taxes, many foreigners are bonded to pay off family debt through trafficking with instantaneous communication, rapid/ cheap travel , and commercial sexual services. This article was very helpful in my research by relating past slavery to current day bondage of trafficking. It showed a different perspective to past human rights crime. Compared to my other articles, this author had easy to read information; his comparing and contrasting of the material was clear and diagrammed.
“The Arizona Republic.” Editorial. “Hidden Victims of Trafficking Suffer Modern-day Slavery.” U.S Department of Health & Human Services. 29 Dec. 2008. Web. 24. Jan. 2010.
The Arizona Republic is a daily newspaper that was in circulation since 1915. It is also partnered with USA Today, and Gannett Co. Inc. The official recognition of National Crime Victims’ Rights Week (April 18-24, 2004). This article highlights the victims who suffered sex trafficking and continued on their lives shadowing away from their past in sex trafficking. The Arizona Republic bring light to the 800,000- 900,000 victims brought into the U.S in a 2003 government estimate. Unknown to most, Arizona is considered an ideal place of human trafficking occurrence, due to the vast amount of illegal immigrants and its major transportation routes. In this editorial, the Arizona Republic joins with the administration for children and families to open up new resources to these forgotten victims. The news article opened my eyes to key locations where trafficking occurred. It didn’t however give great detail on how the operations of trafficking worked in high trafficked states. Compared to my other sources, this source just focused on individual victims who wanted to leave their trafficking horrors behind them and act like it didn’t happened. So much information in this news article was not helpful to my research.
The Campaign to Reserve & Restore Victims of Human Trafficking. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 10 Aug. 2010. Web. 24 Jan. 2011.
This fact sheet is credited by the National Human Trafficking Resource center. The NHTRC is a Department of Health and Human Services, a funded program operated and implemented by Polaris Project for the purpose of providing a national, 24-hour, toll-free hotline number for the human trafficking field in the United States. An issue that has been overlooked and sometimes brought to the media is sex trafficking. It is a form of slavery where people are forced to perform acts against their will with false promises of a better life for them and their families. Many of the victims who get caught up in sex trafficking are under the age of 18 and may have been kidnapped. Many of the victims are immigrants from other countries who do not know anything about traffickers. Due to this fact, the government has made the trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000. This article gives gave me a lot of information on the laws against sex trafficking. It provided many other linked sources that described others’ account of having to prosecutes offenders. Compared to my other articles this information mainly focused on the issue of victims and their families.
